{"id":2280,"date":"2024-07-11T14:29:41","date_gmt":"2024-07-11T13:29:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/?page_id=2280"},"modified":"2026-07-30T11:42:32","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T10:42:32","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%ac-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/?page_id=2280","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a ( sol1 )    \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629       <a href=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c-\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629-\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c-\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629-\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631.pdf\">\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629                  \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642       \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642                    \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629                    \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a                    \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629             \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629      \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a ( SQL2 )                    \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a                                   \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a                 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629                            \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a                     \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631                     \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629           \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629        \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a                 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629                    \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629                   \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629                      \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629                     \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629                     \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627<strong>\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634       \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a ( sol1 ) \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template\/fullwidth.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2280"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2280"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2280\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8475,"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2280\/revisions\/8475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}