{"id":10915,"date":"2026-11-08T09:05:54","date_gmt":"2026-11-08T08:05:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/?p=10915"},"modified":"2026-11-08T09:05:54","modified_gmt":"2026-11-08T08:05:54","slug":"%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/?p=10915","title":{"rendered":"\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0635 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 3\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062e\u064f\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0635.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u060c \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0635 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"524\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2-3-1024x524.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10916\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2-3-1024x524.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2-3-300x154.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2-3-768x393.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2-3-1536x786.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2-3.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"10917\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/3-3-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10917\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/3-3-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/3-3-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/3-3.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"10918\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/4-3-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10918\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/4-3-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/4-3-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/4-3.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" data-id=\"10919\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/5-3-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10919\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/5-3-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/5-3-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/5-3-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/5-3.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" data-id=\"10920\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/6-4-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10920\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/6-4-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/6-4-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/6-4-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/6-4.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" data-id=\"10921\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/7-2-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10921\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/7-2-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/7-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/7-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/7-2.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"10922\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/8-2-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10922\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/8-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/8-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/8-2.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"10923\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/9-2-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10923\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/9-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/9-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/9-2.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"10924\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/10-2-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10924\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/10-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/10-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/10-2.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"10925\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/11-2-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10925\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/11-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/11-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/11-2.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"10926\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/12-2-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10926\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/12-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/12-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/12-2.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" data-id=\"10927\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/13-2-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10927\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/13-2-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/13-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/13-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/13-2.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" 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