{"id":3853,"date":"2025-05-27T13:42:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-27T12:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/?p=3853"},"modified":"2025-05-31T18:52:31","modified_gmt":"2025-05-31T17:52:31","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b9%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%af-%d9%85%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%89-%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/?p=3853","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\"\u25aa\ufe0f\" \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\uded1\" \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\udccc\" \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\udccc\" \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\udccc\" \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\udccc\" \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\udccc\" \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\udccc\" \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\udccc\" \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\udccc\" \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\udccc\" \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\udccc\" \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\uded1\" \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0640:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\udccc\" \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629” \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 “\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629” \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 (IoT) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\udccc\" \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0643\u0640”\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629” \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\udccc\" \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\uded1\" \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\uded1\" \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 3\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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