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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646.<br>\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629.<br>.<br>\ud83d\udccc \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627:<br>\u25aa\ufe0f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 (Communication) \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (Information)\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a (Relation) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br>\u25aa\ufe0f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (GIS) \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a 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src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972412814448.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4015\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972412814448.jpg 720w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972412814448-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972443998687.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4014\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972443998687.jpg 720w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972443998687-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" data-id=\"4078\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972479751351-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4078\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972479751351-2.jpg 720w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972479751351-2-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" data-id=\"4077\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972507494567-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4077\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972507494567-2.jpg 720w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972507494567-2-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" data-id=\"4080\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972616284814-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972616284814-2.jpg 720w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972616284814-2-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"960\" data-id=\"4079\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972694467820-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4079\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972694467820-2.jpg 720w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972694467820-2-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"960\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972731974611-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4047\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972731974611-1.jpg 720w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972731974611-1-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972759174935-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4041\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972759174935-1.jpg 720w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972759174935-1-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"960\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972784578158-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4074\" style=\"width:353px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972784578158-2.jpg 720w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972784578158-2-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"960\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972951675962-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4072\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972951675962-2.jpg 720w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508972951675962-2-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508984794214864.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4089\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508984794214864.jpg 720w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508984794214864-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 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class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" data-id=\"4075\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508973124151891-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4075\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508973124151891-2.jpg 720w, https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508973124151891-2-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508973149288633-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4067\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/FB_IMG_17508973149288633-2.jpg 720w, 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