{"id":5944,"date":"2026-04-30T09:13:03","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T08:13:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/?p=5944"},"modified":"2026-04-30T09:13:03","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T08:13:03","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b9%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%af-%d9%85%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%89-%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%88-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/?p=5944","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 3 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0621 29 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a -\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a) \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0634 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631 . \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 .\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 .
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 .\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.
\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648 \u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 . \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0634\u0627\u064a\u0646 .
\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0648 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 .
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 3 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0621 29 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a -\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a) \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0641 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":5945,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,21],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5944"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5944"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5944\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5954,"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5944\/revisions\/5954"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5945"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5944"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5944"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fsecg.univ-alger3.dz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5944"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}